At present, no less than 119 species of birds in Indonesia threatened with extinction. The cause is poaching, illegal trade and habitat destruction. In Indonesia it is the habitat of more than 1500 species of birds.
Of the 119 endangered species, there are five species of birds that have been extremely critical because it is threatened with extinction. The birds in question is Nuri Talaud (Eos histrio), Yellow-crested cockatoos Small (Cacatua sulphurea), Seram cockatoos (Cacatua Moluccansis), Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothchildi), Trulek Java (Vanellus macropterus) and Seriwangsa Sangihe (Eutrichomyias rowleyi).
Actually, many efforts have been made to prevent the extinction of animal Indonesia's wealth, but everything appears to be ineffective, due to rampant illegal trade in rare animals. Nuri Talaud bird trade (Eos histrio) or the locals call it "Sampiri", for example, to date continues rampant. No less than hundreds of high valuable birds is smuggled abroad.
Nuri bird trade Talaud clearly violate the law, because the animal including protected animals under PP. 7 tahun1999, as well as international regulations given in Appendix I of CITES confirmed that birds should not be traded between countries.
Nuri Talaud (Sampiri)
Sangihe Talaud (North Sulawesi) as one of Indonesia's Endemic Bird Area (EBA 167), has no less than 11 endemic bird species in addition to several other endemic species such as the four species of mammals, two species of butterflies and several species of plants all of which are highly dependent the existence of forests in the islands. Among the endemic birds, Nuri Talaud appear to have received the attention of the world community since a few centuries ago. It seemed from the Nuri Talaud birds that have been preserved at the Natural History Museum diaroma in London England.
Indeed, no one knows how the bird can perch at the famous museum, but from the traces of history, the possibility of bird preservation was brought European sailors in the 18th century. Souvenir of preserved bird looks attracted the attention of collectors and naturalists and biologists who work in various museums in Europe, so they try to study it scientifically.
Since 1760, Nuri Talaud has been scientifically established as a separate species based on the collections of the museum. In a book published in 1889, Sidney J Hickson, also touched upon the rare animals that he encountered on his way to the Sangihe Talaud in 1885. The same, also presented by Dr. Murray, a naturalist who visited the island Miangas, as narrated by St.. G. Mivart in his book published in 1898
Indeed, many reports mention the existence of naturalists that these birds. Yet, ironically, almost all of them showed Sampiri bird trade has occurred as a high value commodities.
Bird Smuggling
The ban trade in endangered species seemed powerless to stem the parrot trade, which of course done in the dark. According to the local community, in the 1960's, other than copra, nutmeg and cloves, parrot became the mainstay of many commodities Tawao or smuggled into the Philippines.
While in the 1990s, parrot smuggling, became a sideline of the Filipino fishermen who do a lot of illegal fishing in Indonesian waters to be supplied to General Santos, Philippines. The rise of the illicit trade that occurs naturally due to weak supervision by the Navy, as well as local government.
According to information, parrot trade is profitable. The Filipino fishermen usually buy from the population at a price. Rp. 25,000 - Rp. 50,000 per head. Or it could be done with the barter system, which is exchanged with aluminum pans, skillets, bayonet, and liquor (Tanduay, London Gin, and other alcoholic beverages). While the fishermen on arrival in the Philippines will sell it back at a price many times over.
Parrot trade Talaud (Sampiri) has become a protected animal under PP. 7 tahun1999 basically involves a lot of people. Interwoven between the catcher, fences, brokers, and wholesalers, has formed a network that connects Talaud, Jakarta, Philippines and Singapore.
Action Sampiri (1999) reported that the activities of fishing and trading Talaud parrot began to bloom around the end of the 1980s. The existence of orders from Jakarta in bulk (about 2500 tails) that supposedly said to the bird park in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, has sparked a fishing activity Nuri Talaud massively. While the arrival of Filipino fishing vessels and their interaction with the community on the Eastern Seaboard Karakelang has provided opportunities for trade Nuri Talaud into a business that has a foreign market. Each year, thousands tail Nuri Talaud sold out Talaud island territory in the period between 1996-1999.
Most of Nuri Talaud sold to the Philippines, while a few others sold to other regions in Indonesia via Manado. In one report stated that more than 500 birds Sampiri has come to Singapore from Indonesia between April and December 1992.
The foundation investigation report states that trade Nuri Sampiri Talaud has continued until today. With a rough calculation based on the results of investigations Sampiri Foundation in 2003, the total bird Nuri Talaud traded in three villages which are the basis catcher during the period of the last 8 years is about 6480 tails, or an average of about 810 chickens per year.
Transportation facilities are limited, people skills are very low, public ignorance, and lack of legislative mengertian be a trigger factor Talaud Nuri trade. Weak oversight of the Navy performed well in the border region and the KSDA, police, and government districts in the coastal villages become an obstacle in reducing the pressure on Nuri Talaud population due to illegal trade. While the legal empowerment of the weak and corrupt attitude that has helped preserve this illegal business activities.
Preservation Efforts
The government has actually been trying to preserve these rare animals, among others, by setting forest konservasidi Sangihe Talaud. On the island of Great Sangir no less about 3.549 ha of protected forest areas used while on the island Karakelang Sahendaruman around 24.669 ha area used as a Wildlife Reserve Karakelang and 9000 ha as the Forest Preserve area.
Unfortunately, the existence of forest conservation is particularly vulnerable due to the rampant encroachment, illegal logging, poaching and illegal wildlife trade, and environmental pollution.
Local governments recognize the importance of this region, and supports the protection and the existence of these areas. However, the lack of agreement between the public and the government relating to the management of natural resources as well as the clarity of the forest boundary leads to less effective protection by the government.
Talaud District Local Government in collaboration with the University of Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) in terms of education. The signing of the cooperation has been conducted on the campus of U MN in the region by the Regent d'Ivoire Serpong district. Talaud dr. Elly E. Lasut and of the parties represented UMN Johannes S. Prajitno (3 / 9). In cooperation, the government Talaud give full scholarships to 40 students to study at home Talaud UMN at the Faculty of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to graduate degree. Currently all 40 students are already in the UMN campus to follow the matriculation program. Government-led programs Talaud Regent Lasut Elly is a breakthrough to improve the quality of human resources Talaud residents in particular and North Sulawesi in general
